Hiki i nā UAV ke lawe i nā ʻano mea ʻike mamao mamao, hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻike ʻāina mahiʻai kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka nānā ikaika o nā ʻano ʻike ʻāina mahiʻai. ʻO ia mau ʻike e pili ana i ka ʻike hoʻohele ākea o nā mea kanu (ka ʻāina mahiʻai, ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu, ka manaʻo o ka ʻāina a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ka ikaika, ka ʻohi ʻana o ka māla), ka ʻike ulu ulu (nā ʻāpana phenotypic hua, nā meaʻai meaʻai, nā hua), a me nā kumu koʻikoʻi o ka ulu ʻana. , pests and maʻi) dynamics.
ʻIke Kūʻai ʻĀina Mahiʻai
Aia ka ʻike kikoʻī o ka ʻāina mahiʻai i nā hoʻonohonoho ʻāina o nā mahina ʻai a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea kanu i loaʻa ma o ka hoʻokae ʻike a i ʻole ka ʻike mīkini. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā palena o ke kula e nā hoʻonohonoho ʻāina, a hiki ke koho ʻia ka wahi kanu. ʻO ke ʻano kuʻuna o ka helu ʻana i nā palapala topographic ma ke ʻano he palapala kumu no ka hoʻolālā ʻāina a me ka helu ʻāina ʻaʻole kūpono i ka manawa, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka palena a me ke kūlana maoli he nui a nele i ka intuition, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka mahiʻai pololei. Hiki i ka ʻike mamao UAV ke loaʻa ka ʻike kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka ʻāina mahiʻai i ka manawa maoli, nona nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o nā ʻano kuʻuna. Hiki i nā kiʻi lewa mai nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻomaopopo i ka ʻike a me ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻike kikoʻī kumu o ka ʻāina mahiʻai, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana hoʻonohonoho spatial e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei a me ka hohonu o ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻike wahi o ka ʻāina mahiʻai, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻonā spatial i ka wā e hoʻolauna ana i ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe. , ka mea e ʻike ai i ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike kikoʻī o ka ʻāina mahiʻai.
ʻIke ulu ulu
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu e ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻāpana phenotypic, nā hōʻailona meaʻai, a me nā hua. ʻO nā ʻāpana phenotypic ka uhi ʻana i nā mea kanu, ka helu ʻāpana lau, ka biomass, ke kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kanu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana a ʻike pū ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu. Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana a hui pū ʻia i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu a pili pono i ka hua hope. Nui lākou i ka noiʻi nānā ʻana i ka ʻike mahiʻai a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā noiʻi i hana ʻia.
1) Nā ʻāpana Phenotypic Crop
Leaf area index (LAI) ʻo ia ka huina o hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāpana lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ili, hiki ke ʻike maikaʻi i ka absorption o ka hua a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu māmā, a pili pono i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka mea kanu a me ka hopena hope. ʻO ka helu ʻāpana lau kekahi o nā ʻāpana ulu nui e nānā ʻia nei e ka UAV mamao. ʻO ka helu ʻana i nā helu mea kanu (ratio vegetation index, normalized vegetation index, soil conditioning vegetation index, difference vegetation index, etc.) me ka ʻikepili multispectral a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kumu hoʻohālike regression me ka ʻikepili ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻāina he ala ʻoi aku ka makua e hoʻohuli i nā ʻāpana phenotypic.
ʻO ka biomass ma luna o ka ʻāina i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu pili pili i ka hua a me ka maikaʻi. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana mau ka helu biomass e ka UAV mamao ʻike i ka mahiʻai i ka ʻikepili multispectral, unuhi i nā ʻāpana spectral, a helu i ka helu mea kanu no ka hoʻohālike; Loaʻa i ka ʻenehana hoʻonohonoho spatial kekahi mau pono i ka helu biomass.
2) Nā hōʻailona meaʻai meaʻai
Pono ka mākaʻikaʻi kuʻuna o ke kūlana meaʻai meaʻai e pono ai ka laʻana o ka māla a me ka nānā ʻana i nā kemika i loko e ʻike ai i ka ʻike o nā meaʻai a i ʻole nā mea hōʻailona (chlorophyll, nitrogen, etc.), ʻoiai ʻo ka UAV mamao sensing e hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā mea like ʻole i loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona spectral reflectance-absorption. hōʻailona. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Chlorophyll ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ʻelua mau wahi absorption ikaika i ka ʻāpana kukui ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana ʻulaʻula o 640-663 nm a me ka ʻāpana uliuli-violet o 430-460 nm, ʻoiai ua nāwaliwali ka absorption ma 550 nm. Hoʻololi ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ke ʻano o ka lau i ka wā e hemahema ai nā mea kanu, a ʻo ka ʻike ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona helu o ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ke ʻano e pili ana i nā hemahema like ʻole a me nā waiwai pili ke kī i ka nānā ʻana i nā meaʻai. E like me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻāpana ulu, ʻo ke koho ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻano, nā mea kanu a me nā hiʻohiʻona wānana ka mea nui o ka haʻawina.
3) Huaai
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka huaʻai ka pahuhopu nui o nā hana mahiʻai, a ʻo ka helu pololei ʻana o ka hua he mea nui ia no ka hana mahiʻai a me nā keʻena hoʻoholo hoʻoholo. Ua ho'āʻo nā mea noiʻi he nui e hoʻokumu i nā kumu hoʻohālike huaʻai me ka pololei wānana kiʻekiʻe ma o ka loiloi multifactor.
Mākū mahiʻai
Nānā pinepine ʻia ka mākū o ka ʻāina mahiʻai e nā ʻano infrared thermal. Ma nā wahi me ka uhi nui o nā mea kanu, ʻo ka pani ʻana o ka lau stomata e hōʻemi ana i ka nalowale o ka wai ma muli o ka transpiration, ka mea e hōʻemi ai i ka lele ʻana o ka wela ma luna o ka ʻili a hoʻonui i ka lele wela ma luna o ka ʻili, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka mahana o ka canopy, ʻo ia hoʻi. i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mahana o ka pā kanu. E like me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ke koena o ka ikehu hua o ka helu koʻikoʻi wai hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ka pilina ma waena o ka ʻike wai huaʻai a me ka mahana o ka canopy, no laila hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka mahana o ka canopy i loaʻa e ka mea ʻike infrared thermal i ke kūlana wai o ka ʻāina mahiʻai; ʻO ka uhi ʻole o ka lepo a i ʻole nā mea kanu i nā wahi liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohuli ʻole i ka makū o ka lepo me ka mahana o ka lalo, ʻo ia ke kumu: nui ka wela o ka wai, lohi ka wela o ka wela, no laila hiki ke hōʻike pololei ʻia ka māhele ākea o ka mahana o ka lalo i ka lā i ka puʻunaue ʻana o ka maʻa lepo. No laila, hiki i ka puunaue spatial o ka mahana ma lalo o ke ao ke hōʻike pololei ʻole i ka puʻunaue ʻana o ka wai lepo. I ka nānā ʻana i ka mahana o ka canopy, ʻo ka ʻāina ʻole kahi mea nui keakea. Ua aʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi i ka pilina ma waena o ka wela o ka lepo a me ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻāina, wehewehe i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ana wela o ka canopy i hana ʻia e ka lepo ʻole a me ka waiwai maoli, a ua hoʻohana i nā hopena i hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻāina mahiʻai e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pololei o ka nānā ʻana. hopena. I ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina mahiʻai maoli, ʻo ka leaka o ka lepo ka mea nui o ka nānā ʻana, aia nā noiʻi e hoʻohana ana i nā kiʻi kiʻi infrared e nānā i ka leaka o ka wai irrigation, hiki i ka pololei ke hiki i 93%.
Nā Pest a me nā maʻi
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā maʻi kokoke i ka infrared, e pili ana i: nā lau ma ka ʻāpana infrared kokoke i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana e ka ʻiʻo sponge a me ka mana o ka pā, nā mea kanu olakino, kēia mau ʻāpana ʻelua i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai a me ka hoʻonui. , he mea hōʻikeʻike maikaʻi o nā pāhawewe like ʻole; ke poino ka meakanu, poino ka lau, mae ke kino, emi ka wai, emi ka noonoo infrared a nalowale.
ʻO ka nānā ʻana i ka wela infrared he hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o nā pest a me nā maʻi. ʻO nā mea kanu i nā kūlana olakino, ma o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka wehe ʻana o ka stomatal lau a me ka pani ʻana o ka hoʻoponopono transpiration, e mālama i ke kūpaʻa o ko lākou wela ponoʻī; i ka hihia o ka maʻi, e hiki mai nā loli pathological, ka pathogen - host interacts i loko o ka pathogen ma luna o ka mea kanu, o ka oi aku ma ka transpiration-pili i ka hopena e hoʻoholo i ka infested wahi o ka wela piʻi a hāʻule. Ma keʻano laulā, alakaʻi ka ʻike mea kanu i ka deregulation o ka wehe ʻana o ka stomatal, a no laila ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka transpiration ma kahi maʻi ma mua o ka wahi olakino. Ke alakaʻi nei ka transpiration ikaika i ka emi ʻana o ka mahana o ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia a ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana ma ka ʻili o ka lau ma mua o ka lau maʻamau a hiki i ka ʻike ʻana o nā kiko necrotic ma ka ʻili o ka lau. Ua make loa nā ʻāpana o ka necrotic, ua nalowale loa ka transpiration ma ia ʻāpana, a hoʻomaka ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, akā no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke koena o ka lau i ka maʻi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻokoʻa ma ka ʻili o ka lau. he meakanu maikai.
Nā ʻike ʻē aʻe
Ma ke kahua o ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻike ʻāina mahiʻai, ʻoi aku ka laulā o ka ʻikepili ʻike mamao UAV. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka unuhi ʻana i ka ʻāpana hāʻule o ka kulina me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻano he nui, e hōʻike i ka pae oʻo o nā lau i ka wā o ke oʻo ʻana o ka pulupulu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka NDVI index, a hana i nā palapala palapala palapala palapala noi waika abscisic e hiki ke alakaʻi maikaʻi i ka pīpī ʻana i ka waikawa abscisic. ma luna o ka pulupulu e pale aku i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā lāʻau pesticides, a pēlā aku. Wahi a nā pono o ka nānā ʻana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka ʻāina mahiʻai, he ʻano hiki ʻole ia no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mahiʻai ʻike a me ka digitized e ʻimi mau i ka ʻike o ka ʻikepili mamao UAV a hoʻonui i kāna mau noi noi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-24-2024